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Pain tolerance
Pain tolerance is the maximum level of pain that a person is able to tolerate. Pain tolerance is distinct from pain threshold (the point at which pain begins to be felt).〔("IASP Taxonomy, Pain Terms". ) Retrieved 4 December 2014〕
==Factors affecting pain tolerance==
Clinical studies by the journal of ''Psychosomatic Medicine'' found that "men had higher pain thresholds and tolerances and lower pain ratings than women" when exposed to cold pressor pain. The study asked participants to submerge their hands in ice water (the cold pressor pain procedure) and told members of the experimental group (as opposed to the control group) that they would be compensated financially for keeping their hand submerged. Suggested explanations for this difference include that "men are more motivated to tolerate and suppress expressions of pain because of the masculine sex role, whereas the feminine sex role encourages pain expression and produces lower motivation to tolerate pain among women."〔
A similar study published in the same books focused on the effects of having individuals perform the ice water procedure while accompanied by another participant. Their results revealed that "Participants in the active support and passive support conditions reported less pain than participants in the alone and interaction conditions, regardless of whether they were paired with a friend or stranger. These data suggest that the presence of an individual who provides passive or active support reduces experimental pain."
Other factors that affect pain tolerance are association and disassociation. These two cognitive strategies have been found to increase pain tolerance. 〔Lorette Pen & Craig Fisher "Athletes and Pain Tolerance", ''Sports Medicine, Volume 18'', Issue 5, November 1994, p. 319-329〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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